Versions
- 2025-10-13 (2)
- 2025-10-13 (1)
Keywords
Microalgae
Environmental Biotechnology
Health Applications
Biofertilizer
How to Cite
Abstract
The objective of this exploratory narrative review is to highlight the relevance of cyanobacteria and microalgae which possess remarkable metabolic diversity and ecological adaptability and can produce metabolites with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, and antitumor properties, in addition to offering solutions in environmental biotechnology. Methodology was based on an exploratory search that was conducted in academic databases covering the period from 2015 to 2025, using non-systematic criteria. The findings were organized into thematic areas and contextualized using research conducted in Costa Rica. Results indicate that in the health sector, compounds such as phycocyanin, cyanovirin-N, dolastatin 10, and fucoxanthin are being evaluated as potential therapies against cancer, HIV, emerging viruses, and inflammatory diseases. In cosmetics, polysaccharides and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) exhibit moisturizing, anti-aging, and photoprotective effects. In pharmaceutical nanotechnology, various metabolites function as nanocarriers, enhancing drug bioavailability and specificity. In agriculture, they function as biofertilizers, bio stimulants, and biocontrol agents, improving yield, enhancing nutritional quality, and reducing agrochemical use. In the environmental field, they are effective in bioremediation of heavy metals, microplastics, antibiotics, and other pollutants, as well as in carbon capture and biofuel production, aligning with circular economy principles. It is concluded that in Costa Rica, laboratories at UNA, UCR, and TEC are actively researching local species for industrial, therapeutic, and ecological purposes. These microorganisms represent a strategic alternative to address health, agricultural, and environmental challenges; however, further progress is needed in regulation, standardization, scalability, and toxicological evaluation to enable effective implementation.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sandra Liliana Hernández-Salón, Sebastián Solano Montero, Ana Patricia Rojas Hernández , Adriana Carolina Hernández Calderón , Anielka Oporta Oporta (Autor/a)