Versiones
- 13-10-2025 (2)
- 13-10-2025 (1)
Palabras clave
Microalga
Biotecnología ambiental
Aplicaciones en salud
Biofertilizantes
Cómo citar
Resumen
El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa exploratoria es exponer la relevancia de las cianobacterias y microalgas, organismos con notable diversidad metabólica y adaptabilidad ecológica, capaces de producir metabolitos con propiedades antioxidantes, antimicrobianas, antivirales, antiinflamatorias, fotoprotectoras y antitumorales, además de aportar soluciones en biotecnología ambiental. La metodología se aplicó de la siguiente forma: se realizó una búsqueda exploratoria en bases académicas (2015–2025), sin criterios sistemáticos, organizando los hallazgos en áreas temáticas y contextualizándolos con investigaciones desarrolladas en Costa Rica. Los resultados indican que, en salud, compuestos como ficocianina, cianovirina-N, dolastatina 10 y fucoxantina se evalúan en terapias contra cáncer, VIH, virus emergentes y enfermedades inflamatorias; en cosmética, polisacáridos y MAAs muestran efectos hidratantes, antienvejecimiento y fotoprotectores; en nanotecnología farmacéutica, diversos metabolitos funcionan como nano transportadores que optimizan biodisponibilidad y especificidad de fármacos. En agricultura, actúan como biofertilizantes, bio estimulantes y agentes de bio control, mejorando rendimiento, calidad nutricional y reduciendo agroquímicos. En el ámbito ambiental, destacan por bio remediar metales pesados, micro plásticos, antibióticos y otros contaminantes, además de capturar carbono y posibilitar la producción de biocombustibles, alineándose con la economía circular. Se concluye que, en Costa Rica, laboratorios de la UNA, UCR y TEC investigan especies locales con fines industriales, terapéuticos y ecológicos. Estos microorganismos constituyen una alternativa estratégica ante desafíos sanitarios, agrícolas y ambientales; no obstante, se requiere avanzar en regulación, estandarización, escalabilidad y evaluación toxicológica para su implementación efectiva.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Sandra Liliana Hernández-Salón, Sebastián Solano Montero, Ana Patricia Rojas Hernández , Adriana Carolina Hernández Calderón , Anielka Oporta Oporta (Autor/a)